Pruning is actually a cutting art form in which a tree is bestowed with a more desirable shape, but the positive side effects of careful trimming including hearty development and yield, an improvement in the quality of the plant and the restoration of parts that may be damaged for a number of reasons. The aim of pruning duing the plantation period or throughout the following years is to form a sound roof for the tree that will enable it to support fruit without breaking the plant. Among fruit species, some types grow in a scattered manner with horizontal branches, while others typically show vertical and steep growth. Varieties that grow in an indiscriminant manner should be pruned in a way that will help them to grow 
steeply, while varieties that naturally demonstrate steep growing patterns should be pruned in a way that will enable them to grow in a scattered manner.
Although an increase in shoot length and leaf volume are among the effects that can be seen immediately as a result of pruning, the very act of selective cutting results in a long term weakness in trees. While shoots in pruned trees grow lengthwise, shoots in unpruned trees grow both lengthwise and crosswise.
Summer pruning damages a tree more than winter pruning because its leaves produce the tree’s food and the materials on the stock are consumed for new leaf formation. Ultimately, when they are cut/eliminated via summer pruning, a tree will become weakened.
Pruning young trees delays the blossoming process and production of fruit but it actually helps to increase the 
amount of flower producing fruit. It is surprising but true that since some growth points are removed from tree via pruning, the tree’s ability to draw water and access its nitrogen supply increase indirectly from the remaining growth points.
Although pruning causes a small decrease in yield, the process truly improves fruit quality effectively. Because the volume of fruit decreases with pruning, the remaining branches are able to tap into more reserve foods. It is obvious that leaf volume and consequently water loss decrease as a result of pruning, but the upside is that the insulation and ventilation duration of pruned trees will increase along with the size and color of its fruit.
Cutting surfaces exceeding 2 inches should be treated with paste. Removed material (a.k.a. pruning residue) should ultimately be burned because organic components such as those tend to invite disease and pests throughout the following year. The resting period refers to the period between defoliation and blossoming (in the springtime) — that is the ideal time to prune fruit trees. However, if there is any 
threat of frost during this period, pruning should be suspended until the danger has passed.
Methods Used For Tree Breeding:
The most preferred system is referred to as the modified leader system. The reason that this system is highly appealing is that it enables a greater amount of strong Y branches to thrive (as opposed to other pruning styles), and since the vertical distance between main branches is greater, the system carries more of a fruit burden.
In this system, strong seedlings should be planted and the growth of each leader branch should be encouraged until the main branches constitute secondary roof branches. 8-10 big lateral branches are ideal for a tree in the yield stage. In accordance with the species, the growth of a tree’s leader branch should be weakened by making a strategic cut only after 4-5 years. The general principles of the modified leader system do not show significant differences as per the species.
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Land is so generous that it makes up for every piece of hard work. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
